Roaring Twenties in American Society After World War I. Essay

World War I lasted from 1914 -1918, but America did not become involved until 1917. After World War I, American society changed greatly. A new era, the Roaring Twenties, found its way in America along with the arrival of the flappers (Roaring). Americans were introduced to new fashion styles, the prohibition and the Jazz Age (Fashion, Jazz). Controversy proved to be very prominent with the Scopes Trial (Scopes). As the war came to a close, the Roaring Twenties made its way into America. This time period brought many changes that were new to Americans. Fashion changed from the traditional Gibson Girl to the controversial flappers (Rosenberg). The Gibson Girl was a fashion trend popular before World War I. Women who supported the†¦show more content†¦In 1919, people began preparing for the ban by buying large amounts of alcohol before the ban started. Although there was a ban on alcohol, the Volstead Act granted access to making wine as long as it was obtained from fr uit, and legal use of alcohol if there was a prescription (Prohibition, Rosenberg). People would gather at speakeasies or illegal bars where gangsters would supply alcohol from the borders of Mexico and Canada (Prohibition, Rosenberg). For fourteen years, alcohol was illegal, but in 1933 the Amendment was finally repealed (Rosenberg, Ellis and Esler). America was already going through a rough patch with the prohibition but it seemed like things were getting worse. The Scopes Trial brought a lot of attention to Dayton, Tennessee, where substitute biology teacher, John Scopes, was accused of teaching evolution (Scopes). The Butler Act was a law â€Å"prohibiting public school teachers from denying the Biblical account of man’s origin† (Scopes). On May 5, 1925, John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and was given a $1,000 fine. Later, the verdict was overturned (Scopes). The Jazz Age spread quickly when jazz music was listened to in the speakeasies during the prohibition (Prohibition). The Jazz Age was a â€Å"post World War I movement in the 1920’s, from which jazz music and dance emerged† (Jazz). Jazz music could be heard on potter palms. A potter palm is â€Å"a popular type of radio showShow MoreRelatedThe New Woman848 Words   |  3 PagesFashion is an art that has influence mankind throughout human history, and it has played an important role in shaping society. Beauty has always been a motive for men to do something radical for women in order to be noticed. Both beauty and fashion have always been key elements to an artist’s paintings and other works. Fashion has always changed throughout history and it will continue to do so as long as people continue to live on the earth. Humans possess certain characteristics that separate themRead More The Roaring Twenties Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roaring Twenties Rarely has the world seen such a unique decade in time as the Roaring Twenties. It was an age of prosperity and change. The United States experienced a recession that was followed by a period of unlimited prosperity. Although the United States encountered both positive and negative experiences, it proved to be very influential in the future. The 1920s were definitely Roaring in more ways than one. There were major changes in American Society during the 1920s thatRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1196 Words   |  5 Pagespopular art did before the 20th century. However, post WW1 American society had advancements in technology that aided certain ideals and values in spreading across the nation. And the term media culture gives reference to the current western capitalist society that emerged and developed from this 20th century time period under the influence of mass media. World War I, or the Great War, was one of the bloodiest wars of all time. It was a war sparked by mili tarism, alliance, imperialism, and nationalismRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties By F. Scott Fitzgerald1263 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roaring Twenties were a time of leisure and parties. The media and events surrounding this time period greatly impacted the carefree, extravagant lifestyle. This era was one of the most dramatic and energetic times in American history. To many, the symbols of the roaring Twenties were F. Scott Fitzgerald and his wife, due to their tales of the young and the wealthy (Hanson 96). The Roaring Twenties influenced many literary works, throughout the 1920s such as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great GatsbyRead MoreEssay on The Roaring Twenties1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roaring Twenties Do you ever find yourself wondering why the 1920s were called the Roaring Twenties? The Roaring Twenties was a celebration of youth and culture. During the 1920s, many different forms of art, music, and literature began. There were many changes that took place in the 1920s, and many people were influenced by these changes. The Roaring Twenties was a constant party because America was celebrating the victory of World War I. Many customs and values changed in the UnitedRead MoreTaking a Look at the Jazz Age1600 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War 1 has come to an end, and America is rejoicing. The Jazz Age was a time of change and new beginnings for Americans. During the Jazz Age, the United States erupted in new musical and cultural changes. These changes can be seen through the shift in literature, from conservative to contemporary writings, by literary giants like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Bessie Smith. The Jazz Age was known as the Roaring Twenties, and is still popular today due to its infamous jazz music, flappers, and prohibitionRead MoreEssay on Class Conflict in the Great Gatsby1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe main, reoccurring theme in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is the theme of society and class. Three separate social classes are portrayed in the novel: â€Å"old money,† â€Å"new money,† and the lowest class known as â€Å"no money.† The â€Å"old money† class refers to those who come from families that have fortunes. â€Å"New money† families are those who made their money in the Roaring Twenties and often lavishly display their wealth. In the novel, the growing tension between the â€Å"old† and the â€Å"new†Read MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald931 Words   |  4 PagesPost World War I, during the Roaring Twenties, women in The Great Gatsby such as Daisy, Myrtle, and Jordan, display the new ideology of women while attempting to reach the American Dream. Women embody the new flapper era and are expected to work for their own money and gain more independence after earning the right to vote. Flappers were seen as significant figures during the Roaring Twenties, as they helped define a new generation for young women who are trying to achieve the American Dream, â€Å"[Flappers]Read MoreCharacteristics Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1615 Words   |  7 PagesChuck Palahniuk once said in his novel Haunted,Thats the American Dream: to make your life into something you can sell. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the protagonist is a man named Gatsby who is accustomed to the party lifestyle of the Roaring Twenties. The novel follows a group of people living in a fictional town known as West Egg and East Egg.The two towns represent old money and new money. Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor upbringing and earns an enormous amount of moneyRead MoreWorld War I And The Great Depression1131 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican life was at an all time high during the Roaring Twenties, Americans were enjoying the prosperity of the United States so why would they want to get involved in European conflicts? The United States under the Hoover administration held a very isolated stance, the country’s economy was booming and the people were relishing in the modern society. When the Great Depression hit Americans continued to hold an isolationist stance as they focused on the deteriorating situation going on at home

Reflective essays - 1316 Words

The classic tragedy, as defined by Aristotle, has six major parts. These parts include a plot, characters, theme, melody, spectacle, and language. All stories, according to Aristotle must have a beginning, middle, and end, and must follow a logical sequence according to these six elements. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The plot is the series of events, or sequence in which the action of the play occurs. Plot must follow a cause and effect relationship, which follows a logical pattern. Characters are the people in the play, who have certain qualities that can be determined by what they say, do and what others say about them. The theme of the play is the general feeling or statement made by the author that presents an observation or†¦show more content†¦An enlightenment for the hero must follow at the end of the story to give us an idea that some greater good was accomplished or that some important lesson was learned. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Oedipus demonstrates these four attributes of a tragic hero very clearly. He was a great person in that he was a prince in both Corinth and Thebes, as well as the king of Thebes. He demonstrated high moral standards through his selfless love of Thebes, and his relentless search for the truth, as well as his sense of responsibility for his actions. Oedipus’ character flaw was said to be his hubris or excessive pride, his not knowing when to quit and his thinking he could circumvent his fate. We also discussed in class, that perhaps he should have been more careful about who he murdered, having a fate as he did. His downfall was obviously having to live with the knowledge of what he did, being banished and blinded by his own hand. In his own words, â€Å"I am misery!† Oedipus realizes at the end that he is not as great as he once thought he was and that he cannot circumvent the will of the gods. The theme of darkness and light is used throughout t he play as a symbol or knowledge or enlightenment. When Oedipus is blinded at the end he is then able to â€Å"see† the truth. 6.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The theory of incongruity is a comical theory that is based on the idea that a happening does not â€Å"size-up† or â€Å"fit† theShow MoreRelatedReflective Essay : Reflective Self Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Self-Analysis Essay My first semester as an exchange student, I decided to take a composition 1 class to improve my English skills. Before I came to America, I thought I was advanced in English and I was so confident to speak it. I wasn’t afraid to take this class because of my confidence to get good grades, although I never had written any essays in English ever in my life. On the first day of class, my confidence was crumbled and I could feel that my English skills were weak when IRead MoreReflective Letter : Reflective Essay807 Words   |  4 Pages Review essay reflective letter The research essay is one of the hardest essays I have to write this semester, the difficult part is to generate ideas and factual information to support our ideas. Over the pass week we have been working on the review essay as a team together and I got to say the essay are much harder than I thought it would be. We able to pick our own subject and write about it. The main goal is to inform the reader to take a look further at the subject using non-bias, scholarlyRead MoreReflective Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Practice Reid (1994) Gibbs Reflective Cycle What happened? (description) What would you do if it happened again? (action plan) What were you thinking/feeling? (feeling) What alternatives did you have? (conclusion) How can you make sense of what happened? (analysis) What was good/bad about the experience? (evaluation) Reflectivity The circular process by which our thoughts affect our actions, which affect the situation we are dealing with and therefore after feedback through the reactionsRead MoreReflective Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagesmy essays were about summarizing a chapter from a book or writing a short story. There was no set length it had to be and there were not any specifics to focus on such as to focus on a strong introduction or to focus on being organized when writing. The essays that I wrote in high school were just for a quick grade or to help out our grade. I did not really have that much experience in writing essays. In the past semester I have grown more as a writer than I have in the past years. My essays haveRead MoreReflective Essay2215 Words   |  9 PagesReflective Essay This essay aims to critically review my strengths and weaknesses as a self-regulated learner, in relation to key skills which demonstrate my ability to use reflective practice. Also, the essay will identify and implement the learning skills required to complete the modules in Year 2 of the programme. It will produce and make use of individual learning plans that reflect how I could improve upon my interpersonal skills and implement a personal development plan. Furthermore, a demonstrationRead MoreReflective Models Used by Nurses Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Practice Introduction: Reflection its self is looking into personal thoughts and actions. For nurses this would mean looking at how they performed a particular task taking into consideration their interaction with their colleagues and other members of staff, patients and in some cases relatives This then enables the nurse to assess their actions and thought processes. There are various frameworks of reflection that one could choose and the examples used for this workRead MoreMy Writing : The Reflective Essay Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reflective Essay Writing has been one of my favorite hobbies since I was in high school, so I used to spend many hours to writing in my daily journals in Vietnamese. However, when I came to America, I felt more difficult to write and express my thoughts in English because I did not know much vocabularies and lacking grammatical knowledge. Then, I decided to go back to school to improve my writing skills because I recognize the significance of writing in my everyday lives. As a college studentRead MoreReflective Essay Writing708 Words   |  3 PagesImagine writing a ten-page essay on something you feel very strongly about, then being told you have to reduce the size of your essay to only two pages. While this may seem like an easy task, I have learned from experience that while writing is difficult, taking away from my writing is much more complicated. I have spent hours writing, my brain is tired, but I read my completed project, and am proud of what I have accomplished. Then, out of nowhere, I rea lize that I am only allowed two pages outRead MoreReflective Essay : Writing Skills945 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Essay This fall semester in ESL 91has been pretty interesting, and so far successful. The main object of this semester was to improve our essay writing. We were taught various lab techniques that helped us to improve our English writing skills, such as using appropriate verb tense and how to write a research paper with a works cited. Through my work on the research paper I have learned how to write in an academic style, how to find appropriate sources from an academic database, and howRead MoreThe Reflective Essay My Writing Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reflective Essay When I was a child, writing was one of my favorite hobbies, so I used to spend many hours to write in my daily journals. However, when I came to America, I felt more difficult to write and express my thoughts in English because I did not know much vocabularies and lacking grammatical knowledge. Then, I decided to go back to school to improve my writing skills because I recognize the significant of writing in my everyday lives. As a college student, my writing are about different

Lev semenovich vygotsky, two types of psychological development Free Essays

string(39) " the kid construct on their cognition\." Lev Semenovich Vygotsky was a developmental Psychologist. He lived a short life during turbulent, radical times. Lev Vygotsky was born on the 17th November 1896 in Orsha, a metropolis in the Western part of the Russian Empire in a Judaic household. We will write a custom essay sample on Lev semenovich vygotsky, two types of psychological development or any similar topic only for you Order Now He died 37 old ages subsequently from TB in Stalinist, Russia. Vygotsky was a Lawyer based on his University instruction and a school instructor by business. Although his involvements were rather diverse his Hagiographas frequently centred on subjects of kid development and instruction. Some of the major theories developed by Lev Vygotsky include ; Socio-cultural Theory – Vygotsky proposed there were two types of psychological development ; â€Å" natural † consisting of biological growing, physical and cognitive development ; and â€Å" cultural † , dwelling of larning to utilize psychological and cultural tools, including marks, symbols and linguistic communication. Vygotsky believed that a kid ‘s development is a consequence of his/her civilization. He thought that development applied ab initio to the psychological procedure, for illustration, linguistic communication accomplishments, the manner of thought and other mental maps. Vygotsky believed the above is accomplishable through interacting socially with others, the parents being of peculiar influence to the kid along-side knowing others. Interaction with others enables a kid to larn the life style of his/her civilization. These wonts being things such as address forms, the written linguistic communication and other constructed cognition. Both n atural and cultural operation act jointly to simplify the development procedure. Vygotskys socio-cultural theory suggests that societal interaction leads to uninterrupted bit-by-bit alterations in a kid ‘s idea and behavior that can change greatly from civilization to civilization ( Woolfolk, 1998 ) . Basically, Vygotskys theory implies that development depends on a kid ‘s interaction with others and the tools that civilization provides to assist them organize their ain position of the universe. His theory combines the societal environment and knowledge. Children will get the ways of thought and behaving by interacting with a more knowing other. Vygotsky believed that every map in the kid ‘s cultural development appears twice, foremost on the societal degree and subsequently, on the single degree, foremost between people ( inter-psychological ) and so inside the kid ( intra-psychological ) Vygotsky, 1978. The socio-cultural theory consists of several elements to as sist implement it ( see below left ) . Language and the thoughts that are expressed by agencies of linguistic communication play a cardinal function in mental development.image Zone of Proximal development – Harmonizing to Vygotsky kids learn by following the beliefs, values, and attitudes of others, either consciously or unconsciously as a consequence of interacting with them. Vygotsky argues that the Zone of Proximal Development ( ZPD ) is the difference between a kid ‘s bing abilities and what s/he can larn under counsel from a knowing other. Therefore the Proximal Zone is the difference between what kids are already able to make and what they are non rather ready to carry through by themselves. Harmonizing to Vygotsky, a knowing other must assist direct and organize a kid ‘s acquisition before the kid can understand and follow it. In order for the ZPD to be a success, it must incorporate two characteristics, the first of which is called subjectiveness. This term implies that the knowing other must hold a common apprehension of what they are making with the kid, in-other-words both parties must hold a shared end. The kid uses the exper tness of the knowing other ( adept ) in the acquisition procedure. To get down the expert takes duty, so as the kid ( novice ) learns, the expert transportations rational duty to the novitiate. This is non immediate but a gradual procedure for illustration, when an expert teaches a kid how to swim, the expert first supports the kid in the H2O and so Lashkar-e-Taibas go bit by bit, there-by switching duty to the kid. The ZPD uses two degrees to find a kid ‘s ability and potency. A kid ‘s â€Å" existent development degree † is what s/he can accomplish unaided without aid. This sets the footing for a kid ‘s cognition and is what is traditionally assessed and valued in schools. The â€Å" possible development degree † is the degree of proficiency a kid can make when s/he is guided and supported by another individual. Social interaction helps a kid to retrieve and may even keep the cardinal to memory development. The construct of a important other steerin g a kid through the ZPD is known as guided engagement /scaffolding.Graph: Zone of proximal development: Vygotsky Guided Participation/Scaffolding – Harmonizing to Vygotsky staging is the procedure used by a knowing other to teach or steer a kid through hard jobs, in order to cultivate hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tascwheel.com/files/research/article-01/figure3.jpg her/his potency. Scaffolding makes it easy for a kid to construct on the cognition they already have and helps them follow new thoughts and attitudes. Any direction given by the knowing other must be directed towards the hereafter and non the yesteryear. Guidance can be given in legion different ways, by a knowing other, by cultural experiences or objects or by a kid ‘s old acquisition. Vygotsky assumed that a kid ‘s development is a consequence of his/her civilization. He thought that development applied chiefly to the psychological procedure, for illustration, usage of linguistic communication accomplishments, the logical thinking procedure and other mental maps. Vygotsky thought that the above is achieved through interacting with others, parents being peculiarly influential to the kid ‘s development along-side knowing others. Interaction with others enables a kid to larn the manner of life of his/her civilization, that is to state address forms, the written lingu istic communication and other constructed cognition. Vygotsky believed that societal interaction helps kids to retrieve and may even keep the cardinal to memory building. As illustrated in the image above, the scaffolding rule plants on the footing that the knowing other asks the kid unfastened ended, near ended inquiries and gives bit-by-bit instructions ever structuring the acquisition procedure. Encouragement and congratulations are offered at every chance, while each point is reinforced through presentation, repeat and the usage of psychological tools. This procedure helps the kid construct on their cognition. You read "Lev semenovich vygotsky, two types of psychological development" in category "Essay examples" Psychological tools can be in the signifier of â€Å" symbolic objects † such as, marks, relevant texts, expression, graphs, important devices and today it besides includes electronic signifiers of information entree ( computers/internet ) . Internalization and Language Another of import part made by Vygotsky connects the development of relationships between linguistic communication and idea. This construct is farther explained in his book Thought and Language. It looks at the connexion between address ( soundless inner address and unwritten linguistic communication look ) and the development of mental perceptual experience and consciousness of one ‘s thought procedure. Vygotsky argues that it is through the above that a kid ‘s ideas and mental concepts are formed. Language development is formed in the undermentioned four phases ; Crude Stage – At this phase a kid has n’t mastered the art of address s/he merely babblings. The sounds that s/he makes do n’t hold any existent significance or intent. The kid is merely experimenting with their new found accomplishment. This action does non intend that a kid does non believe it merely suggests that s/he has non learned to internalize her/his address. Naive Stage – When a kid foremost learns to talk s/he may state certain words before s/he has a comprehensive apprehension of their significance and map. A kid merely understands that when a word is said in a certain manner others understand the significance. In other words understanding of a word comes before the kid really learns the full significance and intent of that word and is able to set it in any peculiar order. External Stage – In this phase the kid begins to utilize peripheral objects such as, flash cards, or fingers for numbering. This is besides the beginning of the egoistic address. The kid will speak to herself during drama with others or when there is no 1 else about. This action is the kid ‘s verbalization of ideas. In-growth Stage – In this phase the kid ‘s egoistic address turns inwards. S/he enters the concluding phase of linguistic communication development and with these new found abilities the kid is able to execute logical undertakings internally. Rather than numbering aloud s/he will number in her/his caput utilizing portion of her/his short term memory. Vygotsky believed that the more a kid uses internalised idea and logic, the better a kid can execute. Major Contributions to Education Vygotsky has made many of import parts to the instruction system and instruction, he has become to some extent a powerful figure in instruction, school psychological science and particular instruction, respected all over the universe. Many instructors and parents even before Vygotskys clip noticed an obvious connexion between support from a knowing other and the advancement a kid is able to do utilizing that support. Vygotskys ZPD helped determine options to standardized testing in schools. Vygotsky founded what is known as â€Å" dynamic appraisal † . Dynamic assessment accent potency instead than present accomplishment and measures the acquisition procedure straight. Traditional trials merely measure the kid ‘s current abilities based on past acquisition and non the kid ‘s possible. Harmonizing to Vygotsky dynamic appraisal leads a kid to accomplish success through joint shared activity ( Lidz, 1995 ) . The ZPD has direct bearing on readying in school instruction , it enables a instructor to take methods bespoke for peculiar pupils. Vygotsky believed that the schoolroom is a society consisting of a community of scholars with assorted ability, expert/novice working together. He viewed the instructor as an teacher, steering and interacting with pupils. Through the procedure of scaffolding the instructor is able to supply support to the pupils. Through the effectual usage of linguistic communication in the staging procedure the instructor is able to negociate with the kid. Vygotskys theory encourages coaction in the schoolroom. The instructor has to supply sufficient support until the pupil is able to travel through all set undertakings independently. Vygotskys 4 Principles Applied in Classrooms Hypertext transfer protocol: //viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebooklet/et-it/4vygo.htm Learning and development is a societal collaborative activity – This suggests that interaction between grownups and other kids is critical. The usage of engineering to heighten communicating, contact and interaction would be good in the schoolroom. Programmes that support combined job resolution and synergistic determination doing enrich the acquisition environment. The ZPD can function as a usher for curricular and lesson be aftering – Appropriate support by the instructor can help the acquisition procedure. Thoughtful counsel and productive treatment with the debut of psychological tools such as, encyclopaedias on CD-ROM, package such as, grammar draughtss and encephalon storming package would all assist the kid develop understanding and cognition. School acquisition should happen in a meaningful context – We learn things in relation to what else we already know and believe. Learning is an active societal procedure. It is non possible to absorb new cognition without some kind of old cognition to construct upon. The more we know the more we learn. Therefore a instructor must link what is to be learned with the pupil ‘s old cognition. Relate out-of-school experience to the kid ‘s school experience – The linguistic communication we use influences larning. It is of import for a instructor to organize school larning around the civilization the kid knows and understands for illustration, a category of pupils analyzing history could utilize a multimedia presentation to bring forth a undertaking about the history of their town. Vygotsky has made valuable parts in determining learning methods within particular instruction. He insisted that instructors should make a acquisition environment which would provide handicapped pupils with alternate agencies of communicating and development and those psychological tools should be used by instructors that are most suitable to counterbalance for a pupil ‘s peculiar disablement. He argued that a kid ‘s societal eviction is the chief factor responsible for its flawed development. Vygotsky states that although sightlessness may be a biological defect, a instructor must non cover with the biological factor entirely but besides look at the societal effects faced by the kid as a consequence of its sightlessness. He promoted the thought that handicapped kids should be included in the social/cultural life of their communities as this would rush effectual rehabilitation. Some Restrictions to Vygotskys Theory Vygotsky stresses the importance of civilization and linguistic communication in understanding. However there is limited research that determines whether grownup, kid and equal coactions differ in their value ( Miller 2002 ) . There is besides the inquiry on how much aid the knowing other should give the kid and whether excessively much coaction could take to regression instead than assist a pupil evolve ( Miller 2002 ) . Vygotskys theory is frequently compared to Jean Piaget, who believed that cognitive competency should non be looked at until a kid reached the appropriate development phase. Piaget believed that the most of import beginning of cogitation is the kid itself. It is frequently said that Vygotsky was in front of his times. His theory was formed over 50 old ages ago and his had such a profound consequence on our instruction system. Even today, instruction psychologists are still researching his theory, which could go an of import instrument to alter, regenerate our present instruction system. How to cite Lev semenovich vygotsky, two types of psychological development, Essay examples

Legal Studies Adult Parole of Victoria Australia †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Legal Studies The Adult Parole of Victoria Australia. Answer: Benefits Community Safety-The Law Institute of Victoria (LIV) is very much supportive of the parole scheme. This parole arrangement permits for supervision, management and supported reintegration of all the prisoners back into the society (Liv.asn.au 2017). In addition to this, there are empirical evidence that reflect that parole lessens rates of recidivism and defers the beginning of reoffending, hence benefitting the broader community. Parole issued based on good behaviour or else determination of the board that a particular convict has sufficiently reformed and can be allowed to re-enter the community. This provides the convict fresh opportunity as well as the opportunity to start afresh for all the convicted criminals (Callinan 2013).Justice Callinan recognizes fact parole system generates creates hope, self-reverence and the motivation to reform as well as rehabilitate throughout the population of the prison (Liv.asn.au 2017). In addition to this, Justice Callinan also mentions the fact that parole system benefits the entire community from essentially the rehabilitation of all the offenders. On the whole, the LIC supports the suggestions of Justice Callinans for better resourcing for particular Parole Board as well as Corrections Victoria to make certain the best results for the concerned people (Callinan 2013). Essentially, strengthening the Victorias parole system is said to strengthen the overall community sa fety. 98% of offenders will thus be in due course be released from prison and around 5500 prisoners are unconfined into the Victorian community each year (Liv.asn.au 2017). However, it is essential for the parole board to make the correct decisions regarding granting parole as well as cancellation of parole. In essence, the Victorian Government is by now creating alterations to enhance parole. Saves money- The prisons are very expensive and the legal authorities need to bear huge amount of costs for running the same. Huge number of prisoners therefore increases the costs of the authority. Thus, parole can help in saving money as prisoners are released prior to conclusion of the statement. Again, this is beneficial to the public and this can reduce the total number of people who are incarcerated (Bartels 2013). This can essentially cost huge sums of money per prisoner each year. Moreover, reduction of the incarcerated rates can be considered to be conducive to a free as well as democratic community. Reduces overcrowding in prisons- the release of the prisoners prior to the completion of the sentence also helps in reduction of the overcrowding of convicts in the prison. In Australia the nationwide imprisonment rate is 168 prisoners for every 100,000 adults. Therefore, more number of prisoners can overcrowd the prison. As per reports, the rate of imprisonment in Australia has increased each year and since 2002, the population of prison has increased by nearly 31% (Fitzgerald et al. 2016). Limitations Paroles cannot be monitored all the time: Parole involves a huge risk in which the parolee might perhaps become a repeat offender. This becomes a huge risk that the convict needs to be able to survive on their own upon release and can also be remain unemployed, homeless and can face social maladjustments or else substance abuse (Heraldsun.com.au 2017). Therefore, paroles need to be monitored properly by the criminal justice system. Issues with administration of parole: there are three different key agencies that is essentially involved in the Australian parole system (Bartels 2013). Again, Adult Parole Board is accountable for granting as well as cancellation of parole, along with overseeing parolee improvement in the community. Department of Justice Regulation is responsible for preparing prisoners for essentially the parole. Again Victoria Police also plays an important role in the system by notifying both DJR as well as APB. However, there are several issues as there are few prisoners that receive parole and as an outcome there are more offenders who are not receiving the support. Insufficient information as well as communications technology (ICT) schemes at DJR augments the overall risk of error and create inadequacies. Issues with resources of supervisions and enforcement of conditions of parole: Precise monitoring as well as assessment is crucial to allow agencies to recognize areas for enhancement and to determine the magnitude to which the parole system is raising community safety (Fitzgerald et al. 2016). These insufficient ICT systems obstruct the monitoring as well as assessment of the impact of the alterations on the parole scheme. References Bartels, L., 2013. Parole and Parole Authorities in Australia: A System in Crisis?. Fitzgerald, R., Freiberg, A., Cherney, A. and Buglar, S., 2016. How does the Australian public view parole? Results from a national survey on public attitudes towards parole and re-entry.CriminalLaw Journal,40(6), pp.307-324. Callinan, I., 2013. Review of the parole system in Victoria. Liv.asn.au. 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.liv.asn.au/getattachment/3c3b7020-e37a-48a3-bf64-167f44d2fe82/Review-of-the-Parole-System-in-Victoria [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Heraldsun.com.au. 2017. Strong parole system will benefit all. [online] Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/strong-parole-system-will-benefit-community/news-story/614fb011dc8ea02658993e35d643afb2 [Accessed 1 May 2017].

Thyroid Cancer Essay Research Paper Cancer of free essay sample

Thyroid Cancer Essay, Research Paper Cancer of the thyroid may be one of the less often happening signifiers of malignant neoplastic disease, but it is the most common malignance of the hormone system. Each twelvemonth, more than 1,100 Americans are diagnosed with thyroid malignant neoplastic disease and most of them can anticipate to populate a normal life span ( Health Conn. hypertext markup language ) . The overall incidence of being diagnosed with thyroid malignant neoplastic disease is about 1 out of every 1,000 people ( Health Answers. hypertext markup language ) . As with other thyroid conditions, more than twice as many adult females as work forces develop thyroid malignant neoplastic disease. Most work forces and adult females who are diagnosed with this type of malignant neoplastic disease are between the ages of 25 and 65 old ages ( Health Conn. hypertext markup language ) . General Description Cancer is a disease in which unnatural cells in some organ or tissue go out of control, turning and increasing in figure. We will write a custom essay sample on Thyroid Cancer Essay Research Paper Cancer of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Normal cells reproduce themselves throughout life, but in an orderly and controlled mode. When normal cell growing occurs, worn out tissues are replaced and lesions are healed. But when cells grow out of control, they form a mass called a tumour. Some tumours grow and enlarge merely at the site where they began. These types of tumours are referred to as benign tumours. Other tumours non merely enlarge locally, but they besides have the possible to occupy and destruct the normal tissues around them and to distribute to other parts of the organic structure. These types of tumours are called malignant tumours or malignant neoplastic disease. ( Mediconsult hypertext markup language ) Malignant tumours of the thyroid secretory organ tend to develop bit by bit and stay localised. The tumours normally appear as nodules or balls of tissue turning on or inside the secretory organ itself. Most balls on the cervix, nevertheless, are normally caused by thyroid conditions such as goitres. ( Mediconsult hypertext markup language ) There are four chief types of thyroid malignant neoplastic diseases: papillose, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic ( besides referred to as undifferentiated ) ( Graylab hypertext markup language ) . These tumours are identified by the type of cells seen under the microscope. Papillary thyroid tumours occur most frequently. This type of thyroid malignant neoplastic disease develops on one or both sides of the secretory organ and remains confined for several old ages. Follicular tumours, on the other manus, grow merely on one side of the secretory organ. Medullary thyroid tumours are normally uncommon, and like papillose tumours, they grow on one or both sides of the secretory organ. Anaplastic tumours, though highly rare, develop on either side of the thyroid secretory organ and spread quickly to other parts of the organic structure ( Thyroid Cancer Overview ) . Causes The merely known hazard for thyroid malignant neoplastic disease in some people is external radiation to the caput and cervix countries. From the early 1920 # 8217 ; s to the late 1950 # 8217 ; s, 1000s of kids received x-ray interventions to the caput and cervix countries ( Health Conn. hypertext markup language ) .Back so x-ray therapy was used to handle redness of the tonsils and pharyngeal tonsils, tinea of the scalp, ear infections, acne, and other non-cancerous conditions ( Health Answers hypertext markup language ) . At the clip doctors had no indicants that external radiation intervention could take to thyroid malignant neoplastic disease. Several old ages subsequently, thyroid tumours began to look in people who had received this type of radiation therapy. Fortunately most of the tumours were slow-growing and non malignant ( Health Conn. hypertext markup language ) .Other risks factors for thyroid malignant neoplastic disease include patients with a household history of thyroid malignant neoplastic disease and patients who experience chronic goitres ( National Cancer Institute hypertext markup language ) . Symptoms Malignant thyroid tumours may develop without any sensing for many old ages after its original formation. Aside from a somewhat enlarged thyroid secretory organ or ball located in the cervix part, there are no early marks or symptoms that indicate this type of malignant neoplastic disease. If the malignant tumour is left undetected and untreated, the ulterior phases of thyroid malignant neoplastic disease might cause more obvious symptoms ( UPHS Health hypertext markup language ) . Such symptoms could perchance be gruffness or a little alteration in the voice due to coerce from the tumour on the nerve connected to the voice box or, difficultly in get downing or take a breathing due to a tumour blockading the gorge or trachea ( Thyroid Cancer Overview hypertext markup language ) . Other marks of thyroid malignant neoplastic disease are chronic coughing or coughing accompanied by hemorrhage, or diarrhoea or irregularity ( American Cancer Clinic hypertext markup language ) . Diagnosis The diagnosing of malignant neoplastic disease is terrorizing for most patients because it has become associated with utmost hurting and agony ( Brochlure.1 hypertext markup language ) . But what the patients do non recognize is that there are a figure of trials that can be performed to find the being of a malignant or benign thyroid tumour, and most of these trials cause small hurting or disablement ( Mediconsult hypertext markup language ) . Most instances of thyroid malignant neoplastic disease are found during a everyday physical scrutiny. If the secretory organ appears to be enlarged, the doctor may order farther trials to name or govern out malignant neoplastic disease ( CRHA hypertext markup language ) . These trials include: * Thyroid scan- a patient is given radioactive I to imbibe. After the I has been absorbed by the thyroid, the patient must lie on his or her dorsum with the cervix part positioned under a scanner. The information received by the scanner is so sent to a computing machine that displays a two-dimensional image of the thyroid and any tumours that hold absorbed the I. There is no uncomfortableness felt during this testing, and little sickness due to the iodine mixture is the merely reported reaction to this proving. A thyroid scan is approximately 80 to 85 % accurate, and it costs an estimated $ 50- $ 120, plus any hospital stay and excess computing machine costs. ( Health Answers hypertext markup language ) * Thyroid ultrasound- The ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves that are emitted and received by a transducer ( a handheld instrument ) that is passed over the neck part. The sound waves penetrate the organic structure, and by electronic readings, the sound moving ridges are arranged on a computing machine screen into a image image of the thyroid secretory organ and any tumours. A thyroid ultrascan is wholly harmless, and it is approximately 80 to 97 % accurate. The costs range anyplace from $ 75- $ 100. ( Health Answers hypertext markup language ) * Thyroid excisional biopsy- the trial is done in a infirmary runing room under a general anaesthesia. A ataractic is normally given by an injection about one hr before the process. An endovenous line is placed in a vena in the arm. Throughout the process, the patient is given a mixture of anaesthetic gas and O through a hollow tubing T hat is inserted through the oral cavity and into the windpipe. A little scratch is made in the cervix, and either side of the thyroid or the full ball is removed. The sample is sent to a research lab to be examined. If thyroid malignant neoplastic disease is detected, the thyroid is removed. The scratch is so stitched up. A patient who undergoes a thyroid excisional biopsy will see sleepiness, a mild sore pharynx, and some uncomfortableness from the scratch. The trial is extremely accurate and costs any where from $ 300 to $ 1,000. ( Health Answers hypertext markup language ) * Laryngoscopy- it is the scrutiny of the inside of the voice box with either the assistance of a little mirror held against the dorsum of the roof of the mouth or a flexible screening tubing called a laryngoscope. This type of proving may do a sore or hoarse pharynx. It is 50 to 75 % accurate and costs around $ 65. ( Health Answers hypertext markup language ) Cancer development Once the malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid is diagnosed, more trials can be done to happen out if malignant neoplastic disease cells hold spread to other parts of the organic structure. This is called presenting. A doctor demands to find which present the malignant neoplastic disease is in order to be after the proper intervention ( American Cancer Clinic hypertext markup language ) . There are four chief phases in each of the types of thyroid malignant neoplastic disease except for anaplastic ( uniform ) malignant neoplastic disease. In the phase I of papillose thyroid malignant neoplastic disease, the malignant neoplastic disease is located merely in the thyroid and may be found in one or both of the lobes. In phase II if the patients are younger than 45 old ages of age, the malignant neoplastic disease has spread beyond the thyroid. But if the patient is older than 45 old ages of age, the malignant neoplastic disease is merely in the thyroid and is larger than 1 centimetre. In phase III, the malignant neoplastic disease is normally found in patients older than 45 old ages of age and has spread outside of the thyroid or has spread to the lymph nodes but non outside of the cervix. In phase IV, the malignant neoplastic disease is once more normally found in patients over the age of 45. It most probably has spread to other parts of the organic structure such as the lungs or castanetss. ( Graylab hmtl ) In phase I of follicular thyroid malignant neoplastic disease, the malignant neoplastic disease is merely found in the thyroid secretory organ on one of the lobes. In phase II if the patient is younger than 45 old ages of age, the malignant neoplastic disease has spread beyond the thyroid to the lymph nodes. If the patient is older than 45 old ages of age, the malignant neoplastic disease is merely in the thyroid and is larger than 1.5 centimetres. In phase III, the malignant neoplastic disease is normally found in patients older than 45 and has spread to beyond the thyroid into other countries of the cervix and possibly outside of the cervix. Stage IV of follicle thyroid malignant neoplastic disease is really similar to present IV of papillose thyroid malignant neoplastic disease in that the malignant neoplastic disease has likely spread to the lungs and assorted castanetss. ( Graylab hypertext markup language ) Medullary thyroid malignant neoplastic disease is rather uncommon. In phase I, the is located in one or both of the thyroid secretory organs and is approximately 1 centimetre in size, but throughout the last three phases of medullary thyroid malignant neoplastic disease, the tumour grows by 1-4 centimetres and continuously spreads to other parts of the organic structure. ( Graylab hypertext markup language ) There is no presenting system for anaplastic malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid. This malignant neoplastic disease is located in either of the lobes and spreads faster than any of the other types. ( Graylab hypertext markup language ) Treatment There are fundamentally four different types of interventions used on patients with malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid: surgery, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy, and chemotherapy ( National Cancer Institute hypertext markup language ) . Each interventions are widely used in battle against thyroid malignant neoplastic disease, but non all yield the same consequences. Surgery the most common intervention for malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid. A doctor can take the malignant neoplastic disease by utilizing one or several operations. A lobectomy removes merely the side of the thyroid where the malignant neoplastic disease is found. A near-total thyroidectomy removes all of the thyroid except for a little part. A entire thyroidectomy removes the full thyroid, and a lymph node dissection removes lymph nodes in the cervix that contain malignant neoplastic disease. Complications of surgery include: bleeding, harm to the parathyroid secretory organs, and impermanent or lasting harm to the vocal chords. Any type of surgery for thyroid malignant neoplastic disease is followed up by a series of unwritten doses of radioactive I. The concentrations of iodine destroy any residuary thyroid tissue or tumour. Radiation therapy uses high-energy X raies to putting to death malignant neoplastic disease cells and psychiatrist tumours. Radiation for malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid may come from a machine outside of the organic structure ( external radiation therapy ) or from imbibing a liquid that contains radioactive I. Because the thyroid absorbs the I, the radioactive I collects in any thyroid tissue staying in the organic structure and kills the malignant neoplastic disease cells. Side effects of radiation therapy include: hydrops, increased skin pigment, tegument itchiness, peeling ( casting of outer bed of tegument ) , sickness, purging, hair loss, and possible foetal harm in adult females. Hormone therapy uses endocrines to halt malignant neoplastic disease cells from turning. In handling malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid, endocrines can be used to halt the organic structure from doing other endocrines that might do malignant neoplastic disease cells grow. The endocrines are normally ingested orally in the signifier of a pill. There are by and large no side effects to hormone therapy other than little sickness, emesis, and diarrhoea. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill malignant neoplastic disease cells. Chemotherapy may be taken by a pill, or it may be put into the organic structure by a acerate leaf in the vena or musculus. Chemotherapy is called a systemic intervention because the drug enters the blood watercourse, travels through the organic structure, and can kill the malignant neoplastic disease cells outside of the thyroid. Chemotherapy causes similar side effects to those of radiation therapy. Prognosis Fortunately in most instances, people with the malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid are normally treated successfully. Papillary malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid is non associated with a high grade of patterned advance so many people maintain a normal life anticipation, if diagnosing is made early. Follicular malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid is frequently fast turning and may occupy other tissues, but the likely result is still good. The result of medullary malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid varies. Womans under the age of 40 have a better opportunity of a good result. The figure of people who live at least 10 old ages after diagnosing is 46 % .Anaplastic malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid has the worst forecast. The expected life span of anyone diagnosed with this type of thyroid malignant neoplastic disease is anyplace from 6 months to 3 old ages.

Land degradation Essay Example

Land degradation Essay Example Land degradation Paper Land degradation Paper It thus covers the various forms of soil degradation, adverse human impacts on water resources, deforestation, ND lowering of the productive capacity of rangelands. This study takes the degradation Of soil resources as its focus. This includes soil erosion by water and wind, deterioration in soil physical, chemical and biological properties, water logging, and the build-up of toxicities, particularly salts, in the soil. Since soil productivity is intimately connected with water availability, lowering of the groundwater table is also noted. Since deforestation is being treated in detail in a current FAA study, it is here considered primarily as a cause of soil degradation, particularly erosion. Land degradation has both on-site and off- tie effects. On-site effects are the lowering of the productive capacity of the land, causing either reduced outputs (crop yields, livestock yields) or the need for increased inputs. Off-site effects of water erosion occur through changes in the water regime, including decline in river water quality, and sedimentation of river beds and reservoirs. The main off-site effect Of wind erosion is over blowing, or sand deposition. Types of land degradation in Ghana Water Pollution: water pollution is the contamination Of water bodies. Air Pollution: Air pollution is the process by which poisonous gases are leased into the atmosphere. Land Degradation: Land degradation is the gradual depletion of the quantity and quality of the land. Other types Of land degradation in Ghana. Overgrazing It is the act of putting a lot of animals (herbivores) on a small piece of land to feed. Over cropping It is act of growing too many crops on a small piece of land. Bush fires A bushfire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area. [l Other names such as brush fire, wildfire, forest fire, desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, eat fire, vegetation fire, and vilified may be used to describe the same phenomenon depending on the type of vegetation being burned. Natural events (disaster) A natural disaster IS a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, severe weather, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and other geologic processes. Types of land degradation assessed For the purpose of this study, the many and varied processes of land degradation have been grouped into six classes: water erosion, wind erosion, soil fertility decline, Stabilization, water logging, and lowering of the water able. Water erosion covers all forms of soil erosion by water, including sheet and rill erosion and gulling. Human-induced intensification Of land sliding, caused by vegetation clearance, road construction, etc. , is also included. Wind erosion refers to loss of soil by wind, occurring primarily in dry regions. Soil fertility decline is used as a short term to refer to what is more precisely described as deterioration in soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Whilst decline in fertility is indeed a major effect of erosion, the term is used here of cover effects of processes other than erosion. The main processes involved are: lowering of soil organic master, with associated decline in soil biological activity; degradation of soil physical properties (structure, aeration, water holding capacity), as brought about by reduced organic master; adverse changes in soil nutrient resources, including reduction in availability of the major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), onset of encountering deficiencies, and development of nutrient imbalances. Buildup of toxicities, primarily acidification through incorrect fertilizer use. Water logging is the lowering in land productivity through the rise in roundtable close to the soil surface. Also included under this heading is the severe form, termed pending where the water table rises above the surface. Water logging is linked with Stabilization, both being brought about by incorrect irrigation management. Stabilization is used in its broad sense, to refer to all types of soil degradation brought about by the increase of salts in the soil. It thus covers both Sterilizations in its strict sense, the buildup of free salts; and codification (also called legalization), and the development of dominance of the exchange complex by sodium. As human-induced processes, these occur mainly through incorrect planning and management of irrigation schemes. Also covered is saline intrusion, the incursion of sea water into coastal soils arising from over-abstraction of groundwater. Lowering of the water table is a self-explanatory form of land degradation, brought about through tubercle pumping of groundwater for irrigation exceeding the natural recharge capacity. This occurs in areas of non-saline (sweet) groundwater. Pumping for urban and industrial use is a further cause. Desertification The term desertification originated with a specific meaning, as or example in the 1977 World map of desertification (UNEVEN, 1977). It was subsequently widely used and misused in a broader sense. These wider meanings have sometimes been extended to almost all forms of land degradation, for example soil erosion in the humid tropics (Young, 1985). The recent World atlas of desertification (UNEVEN, AAA) includes all the six groups of land degradation covered in the present study thus implicitly, from its title, using the term in the broader sense. Following agreement at a recent UNEVEN conference, the term has been defined with a more restricted meaning: Desertification is land degradation in aria, semi-arid and dry sub humid areas resulting from adverse human impact (LESSEN, Bibb). This is the meaning in which the term is employed in the ESCAPE network on desertification (ESCAPE, 1983, 1 991 b). In this study, therefore, desertification is equivalent to land degradation in the dry zone, and need not be separately assessed as a type of degradation. Other types Of degradation included Other types of land degradation are treated briefly, treated as causes, or excluded from this review. This is because they are localized or of small extent on a regional scale, or because they are more fully treated elsewhere. Four further classes are recognized as types of land degradation, and as having considerable importance in the region. One case, deforestation, has been treated by reference to an external review. The two other types are considered in more generalized terms. Deforestation The occurrence of deforestation is widespread and extremely serious in the region. It is not independently assessed here, in view of more detailed treatment in the current FAA Forest resources assessment 1990 project. Deforestation is also issued as a cause of erosion. Forest degradation This is the reduction of biotic resources and lowering of productive capacity of forests through human activities. It is under review in a current survey (Bannered and Grimes, in preparation). Rangeland degradation This is the lowering of the productive capacity of rangelands. It is considered in generalized terms, but no quantitative data have been identified. Types of degradation excluded from the study Other types of degradation are excluded from this study, either because they are of small extent on a regional scale, or they are more fully treated elsewhere. These are: Acid sulfate formation, a serious but localized form of degradation, which may occur on drainage of coastal swamps. Soil pollution, from industrial or mining effluents, to the atmosphere, rivers or groundwater. This is an important concern in the region, but is strongly localized. Soil destruction through mining and quarrying activities, the failure to restore soil after extraction. The same remarks apply as for soil pollution. Urban and industrial encroachment onto agricultural land. With the projected increase in arbitration, this will continue to be a substantial cause of loss of agricultural land, but it is a different problem from land degradation. Effects of war. Land degradation on a substantial scale through effects of war has been reported from Iran (western borderlands) and Afghanistan, in the latter case including the destruction of irrigation schemes. Potential effects of global climatic change. It is beyond question that the composition of the worlds atmosphere is being substantially altered as a result of human activities. A small but significant global warming has already been observed and is projected to continue. It is possible that this may lead o modifications to the general atmospheric circulation with consequent changes in rainfall. These changes could be beneficial or adverse to land productivity or human welfare: specifically, in semi-arid regions, rainfall might become higher or longer, more reliable or less, or with longer or higher incidence of droughts. There is, however, no firm evidence of what such changes may tee. If adverse changes occur in some areas, then these will certainly constitute a most serious form of human-induced degradation of natural resources. It is accepted that, for a range of reasons, action should be oaken to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. However, until there is clearer evidence, its potential effects upon climate must remain a master of research, and these will not be further considered. Problems of the natural environment Aridity and drought Aridity and drought are referred to in the COSEC resolution on which this study is based. These, however, are problems of the natural environment in semi-arid and aria areas. In the subsequent amplifications of the terms of reference it is clear that degradation, namely human-induced adverse environmental changes, is the intended focus. Therefore aridity and drought would only properly be included if it could be shown that rainfall had been reduced, or drought spells made more frequent, as a result of mans activities. This has not been established. Problem soils. Soils which present special difficulties for agriculture may be called problem soils. They include saline soils, sandy soils, cracking clays, strongly acid soils, shallow soils, and soils on steeply sloping or poorly drained land. A comprehensive review for Asia and the Pacific is given in FAA/ ARPA (1990) and a map of problem soils is in preparation. To the extent that these are problems of the natural environment, problem soils do not constitute land degradation. However, land degradation frequently leads to an increase in the extent or severity of problem soils, for example, erosion causes shallow soils. A clear case is that of saline soils: these occur naturally, in which case they are problem soils, but their extent has been greatly increased by human-induced Stabilization. Reversible degradation and land reclamation The effects of water and wind erosion are largely irreversible. Although plant nutrients and soil organic master may be replaced, to replace the actual loss f soil material would require taking the soil out of use for many thousands of years, an impractical course of action. In other cases, land degradation is reversible: soils with reduced organic master can be restored by additions Of plant residues, degraded pastures may recover under improved range management. Stabilized soils can be restored to productive use, although at a high cost, through salinity control and reclamation projects.

Police Brutality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Police Brutality - Research Paper Example Although it is not an overstatement that community policing in a free world like the United States is similar to cutting through a mountain with bare teeth! It is indeed a difficult task that requires arduous concentration, serious planning and cutting-edge management (U.S Department of Justice, 1998). The presence of multi-cultural communities in many cities and towns across the country even makes this task appears more complicated. Each member of the communities aspires for equal treatment under the law when it comes to the issue of policing (Walter, 2000). But could such demanding circumstance put a strain on the police officers’ performance and turned them into violent or aggressive officer exterminating the defenseless citizens they are paid to protect? Even though they have their own prejudice, police officers are required by laws and ethics to justly handle each case. In order words, they should see their job as servants to the entire population, not just to satisfy the ideology of their own race or religious affiliations once they are in the uniforms (Mastrofski, 1999). However, instances of overtly use of force and weapons peppered by racial prejudice have often come up between the civilians and the police officers (Milton et al, 1977). And in these situations, the affected civilians who might have felt cheated and embarrassed could also often resort to self-defense.In the course of the melee, either the police officer or the civilian may have an upper hand in the scuffle, and one of them might mistakenly take the life of the other!

Sprint Wireless Service RECYLING Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sprint Wireless Service RECYLING Program - Essay Example Customers do not need to pay any additional charges to get their devices shipped and recycled through the company’s buyback program. The devices sent to the company through FedEx or United States Postal Service are tested by the company’s technicians for condition assessment. If a device is in a condition to become reusable by minor repairs, which is most likely in majority cases, the company makes use of all available resources to refurbish the hardware and update the software to make it ready for use again. Even in case a device is not in a condition suitable for refurbishment, the company separates its usable parts and recycles the rest of the device in accordance with the Federal and State environmental regulations. The receiving and processing of the shipment usually takes around thirty days, whereas it takes up to three billing cycles for a customer to get the account credit. The company also shows it corporate social responsibility by taking steps towards the promotion of free internet safety resources for children. Sprint gives two options to the customers. Customers either can get their due credit from the company through bill credit or can gift it to the Sprint project Connect to fund for the internet safety program. The company uses ISO SUU1 and 14UU1 as the recycling quality standards that ensure the use of most environment-friendly electronic waste disposal methods. The service has seen a number of considerable achievements so far. It has been ranked at the top spot among all major carriers. It also holds the record for recycling the most number of devices in a week. Currently, it has been named as the most eco-focused wireless carrier. Sprint has been the first U.S. telecom company to deliver an ‘A+’ corporate social responsibility grade (Sprint). The Sprint Buyback Program has been very successful since its start, which is evident from the fact that the company had collected

Strategic marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic marketing - Essay Example Another crucial thing which needs to be ensured is the coordination in the work of volunteers to establish organizational effectiveness (Hockey Australia, The Clubhouse Team Kit, 2005). Another important area of concern for the volunteer management is the volunteer turnover. Volunteer turnover is often said to be the result of the lack of recognition by the organization of their employees’ value to the organization, to the policies of growth and lack of advancement opportunities. Thus reducing volunteer turnover will be a prime concern and I think it can be achieved through effective monitoring and increase in organizational commitment (Cronin, 2011, 60). Exit interview Having discussed the significance of the volunteer management I will like to conduct exit interview question to the volunteers leaving the club. Exit interview is an important tool as information can be gathered from the volunteers regarding their experience in the organization no matter how long or short their stay may be and accordingly help us to formulate new strategies in the Human Resource Management practices. It may be the case that under emotional stress some of them will not be willing to take the interviews (Volunteer Management Program Retaining Volunteers, Australian Sports Commission, 2000, 22). The questions I would to like to make in the interview sessions are as follows: 1. What is your prime reason for leaving? This is the most obvious and important question I would like to ask because it will give an overview of the reasons of leaving the organization 2. Are you looking for a better opportunity? (Yes/No)-Give reasons I will ask this question as it will provide the platform to analyze the loopholes and accordingly help to make strategy intervention 3. What was the most enjoyable and what were the least enjoyable aspects of your volunteering role? This question will be asked to intervene the dimension of the motivational aspect of the organization 4. Do you feel you recei ved adequate support in your role? (Yes/No) A random question to judge the spontaneous answer of the volunteer 5. Do you feel you received adequate training in your role? (Yes/No)-Give reasons Training is an integral part in the sporting organization. So analyzing this special area will be a necessity 6. How do you really feel about this organization? This should be a general question to know the understanding of the organization by the volunteers 7. Would you recommend others to volunteer for this organization? This would be asked for the feelings of the leaving volunteers towards the fellow volunteers towards the organization (Volunteer Exit Interview, n.d.). ‘Volunteer retain’ policies This is a fact that the expectation of volunteer turnover is high and often demands for an organizational change in large sporting clubs. But within the constraints of the limited resources optimal policies should be adapted in recruiting, orientating, and training new volunteers and i nfuse within them a value creation. Various motivational policies can be adapted for retaining volunteers. Offering education and training programs which include leadership courses, mentor training and various guidelines for explaining the roles and the responsibilities of the volunteers. Clear pathway should be created for the people so that they can feel the thrust to achieve higher levels of targets (Burd, 2009). Communication with the volunteers is a vital point. Among the

Gender Differences: American and Chinese Culture

Gender Differences: American and Chinese Culture In the 21st century, a number of significant sociopolitical and technological changes have been witnessed, which have made the world a global village which is getting smaller by the day. The technological feasibility that has enabled the mass media to bring events and news across the world to schools, businesses and homes almost as soon as they occur has narrowed down the distance barriers between people, cultures and societies, such that the world is fast becoming one giant melting pot of cultural, ethnic, religious, linguistic and racial diversities. However, these changes have also resulted in the increase in international tensions between countries world wide, due to the increased interaction. The most significant of these tensions have been witnessed in the past between the United States and Northern Ireland, Eastern Europe and most recently, the Middle East. Thus in light of these developments, the need to develop competent and effective intercultural communication cannot be ov eremphasized. It is indeed a fact that such conflicts are usually of political origin, but are primarily caused by religious and ethnic differences that form barriers to effective communication. The term intercultural communication is sometimes used interchangeably with cross-cultural communication; and it is simply the engagement of concerted efforts at understanding how people who hail form different cultures perceive, act and communicate in their native environment. Intercultural communication plays important roles in fostering understanding in the case of communication between countries in the global platform. (Griffin, 2000). The focus of this paper will therefore be to demonstrate an example of poor intercultural communication between North Americans and Asians and how it affects the effectiveness of communication between the two cultures. Which are long term such as prospecting for oil or minerals; The Process Culture, which is seen in organizations that have little or lack of feedback altogether and the members of the organization maintain a strict focus on the procedures of executing and achieving targets, and is most evident in bureaucracies, with the main advantage of achieving consistency in results which is necessary in sectors like the public service and this fact effectively serves to undermine the massive red tape and overly cautious nature of these cultures. (Deal Kennedy, 1982). Edgar Schein has however come up with a method of classifying organizational culture, which is more in line with the present organizational set up. He defines organizational culture as the patterns of basic assumptions that are shared within a groups and that were learned in the during the solving of the problems of internal integration and external adaptation by the group, and which have produced reliable results that can be considered valid and have consequentially been taught to new embers as the correct way to feel, think and perceive when attempting to solve such problems. It will be important to outline the importance of intercultural communication in an organizational setting, before the importance of the impact of ineffectiveness of intercultural communication between two different cultures can be fully highlighted. Schein (2005) expounds that culture is the toughest attribute of an organization in view of change, and surpasses all other attributes of the organization such as the physical attributes, services and products, leadership, and founders. Schein states that the deepest cognitive level of the culture of an organization is where tacit assumptions exist. He expounds that these are the unseen cultural elements that are not easily identifiable in interactions between members of an organization on a daily basis. These elements of an organizations culture are often regarded as a taboo to question or discuss. (Schein, 2005). Organizational culture has various roles in the process of change in an organization. A number of methodologies have been proposed to elucidate this role, which include Burman Evans(2008) view that culture is more relate d to leadership than management .They elaborate that when an organization has the principle focus of transforming its culture, recognition has to be accorded to the fact that this project is long term. This is because achieving change in the culture of an organization ids a difficult endeavor that requires the allowing of employees to take adequate time to get used to the new strategies within the organization. Thus the stronger the culture of an organization, the more difficult it becomes to achieve the change. The six guidelines to achieving organizational change, as given by CummingsWorley(2005), are (i) The formulation of a strategic and clear vision,( Cummings Worley,2005, pg.490),(ii) display of commitment at top managerial levels( Cumming Worley, 2005, pg. 490),(iii) modeling of the change in culture at the top managerial levels( Cummings Worley, 2005, pg.491), (iv) organizational modification to aid change (Cummings Worley, 2005, pg.491) , (v) selection and socialization of terminate deviants and newcomers (Cummings Worley, 2005, pg.491) and(vi) development of legal and ethical sensitivity( Cummings Worley,2005, pg.491).In regard to the design of a model with methods and procedures for analyzing diversity in an organization, Taylor Cox, Jr. (2001) gives three types of organizations which adopt a particularly focused approach in regard to development of cultural diversity in the workplace environment. She outlines the monolithic, the plural and the multicultural organizations in t he journal, The Multicultural Organization. The three types of organizations, according to Cox, are distinguished by their level of structural integration, which Cox defines as the presence of employees from different cultural groups in one organization, with the monolithic organization having minimal structural integration. Cox goes further to outline that monolithic organizations in the United States are usually represented by a majority of white male employees with few women and yet fewer individuals who hail from minority racial backgrounds in the managerial jobs in an organization. The plural organization, however, has an improved level of structural organization, having a heterogeneous workforce which includes people from different cultural backgrounds, other than just one dominant group from a particular ethnic background. The multicultural organization however displays the highest levels of workplace diversity, because it not only contains an evenly balanced workforce in ter ms of cultural diversity, but it also has an awareness of and utilization of its culturally diverse workforce for the benefits of the organization. Having sufficiently defined workplace diversity, it becomes paramount to outline its advantages to an organization and therefore point out why organizations should strive to achieve a cultural diverse workforce. Thus in order to implement these analytical results in a cultural diversity training program, it is imperative to outline that people have a higher degree of inclination to do business with organizations that employ a staff that they can relate to either socially, culturally or ethnically. Therefore, the ways in which a cultural diversity program can be implemented in organizations includes the methods that can be employed by organizations in ensuring that they end up with a culturally diverse workforce. Some of these methods are therefore outlined below. Recruitment Post-Hiring Job Placement Recruitment is basically networking with organizations to build strong relationships that go beyond just business relationships. For an organization to achieve workplace diversity, it has to have a well established method of recruitment of diverse talent across the area in which it operates, in most cases the native country or the region in general, but not just in a secluded locality. Most companies recruit through universities and colleges. Others opt to attend regional and local jib fairs , for example, the UNITY conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP) an the National Association for Multi-ethnicity in Communications( NAMIC). Serious companies that have a high likelihood of employing a diverse workforce have strategic partnerships with these channels for diversity recruitment that aid them in the hiring of staff with diverse backgrounds, styles, skills, etc.( Fine 2000). Research has also revealed that companies which make heavy use of electronic postings for job vacancies have a high likelihood of having a diverse workforce. Thus the seriousness of companies in the utilization of electronic postings to recruit employees can reveal the extent of diversity that the company has in its staff. Very serious companies have Associate Referral Bonus Programs through which they give cash incentives to employees who refer job seekers to the company, and thus have a high chance of having a diverse workforce. Building Partnerships with Organizations the Community Companies have to recognize that to achieve competitiveness in a global economy; they have to forge relationships with other organizations and community members who have the common interest of promoting diversity. With the growth of the nation in terms of social, racial, ethnic and cultural diversity, organizations have to adapt in this environment and acquire an advanced level of understanding of the need to attain diversity in its workforce. Thus companies have to be actively involved in both local and national associations if they are to identify diverse talent pools from which they can benefit. The companies can also create innovative partnerships with institutions of higher learning so that they attract and increase the number of qualified minority employees in their workforce. In this manner, when they are job vacancies the institutions of higher learning are the first to know, and qualified students have a high chance of being employed by the company, with no predetermined cultural, ethnic or social inclination being a dominant factor in the recruitment process, thus effectively increasing the chances of the company ending up with a diverse workforce. Companies also need to organize outreach luncheons where the members of the community can interact directly with the human resources department representatives. In this manner, a broadcast recruitment process can be extended to the immediate community where the company operates, so that any talent that may benefit the company is obtained, and therefore e increasing the diversity of the workforce. The company can also use local business resource groups in order to solicit for the recruitment of a diverse workforce from the local community. (Cox 2001). Mentoring: Internally Externally Companies can form voluntary mentoring programs, which may operate either formally or informally. These mentoring programs can be established both within the company and in the surrounding community. The programs can be used in helping to assimilate new employees into the company culture, as well as to groom the future leaders of the company. In this manner, the chances of the company losing employees from diverse backgrounds due to their inability to fit into the company culture is significantly reduced, thereby fostering the development of a diverse workforce.(Cox 2001). Given the benefits of having a culturally diverse workforce, organizations should strive to attain workplace diversity, and in light of the disadvantages it may create if not properly managed, make it their priority to seek beneficial ways of managing a culturally diverse workforce In regard to diversity in business, the underlying theory outlines that in a global market place environment, a business, company, form or institution that benefits from the services of a diverse work force is in a better position to understand the demographic factors in the market place environment in which the business operates , and is therefore better placed to exploit its full potential in that environment, than a business which has limited diversity in its workforce. A diverse work force generally consists of employees, both male and female, who are of varying racial and ethnic backgrounds, as well as of different generations. (Fine 2000). Workplace diversity has also been stated as having the potential to improve productivity, employee satisfaction and retention at the workplace. In this regard, it is usually referred to as inclusion, and it deals with how an organization can utilize its diversities for its general improvement. (Fine 2000). Research has also established that despite a diverse workforce, the management of the company also needs to make concerted efforts at exploiting that breadth of wealth in terms of experience and knowledge inherent in the diverse workforce in order to convert this wealth in to monetary benefits to the company. Otherwise, a company with a diverse workforce will just fair as well as one which has a less diverse workforce. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to design an informed and well researched model with methods and procedures for analyzing diversity, and to further elaborate on how these results can be implemented in a cultural diversity training program. Workplace diversity can generally be defined as the extent of cultural mix in an organization; Cultural mix/ diversity includes the different ways through which employees in a workplace environment share a unique identity as a group, including the identity associated with the diversity of race, ethnic age , gender and sexual orientation. The culture of an organization is a determinant of it cultural diversity. (Fine 2000). However, workplace diversity in most senses brings many benefits to an organization. However, C.L Walck (1995) states that there are serious problems that arise from an organization inculcating workplace diversity into its culture, and therefore the responsibility of managing workplace diversity as a resource in an organizations workforce in order to fully exploit its potential to improve an organizations overall performance falls on the organizations management. In the Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, C.L. Walck (1995) states that managing workplace diversit y implies the negotiation of interaction among groups which display different cultural backgrounds, and also contriving to foster understanding and cooperation in a culturally diverse environment. In regard to the design of a model with methods and procedures for analyzing diversity in an organization, Taylor Cox, Jr. (2001) gives three types of organizations which adopt a particularly focused approach in regard to development of cultural diversity in the workplace environment. She outlines the monolithic, the plural and the multicultural organizations in the journal, The Multicultural Organization. The three types of organizations, according to Cox, are distinguished by their level of structural integration, which Cox defines as the presence of employees from different cultural groups in one organization, with the monolithic organization having minimal structural integration. Cox goes further to outline that monolithic organizations in the United States are usually represented by a majority of white male employees with few women and yet fewer individuals who hail from minority racial backgrounds in the managerial jobs in an organization. The plural organization, however, has an improved level of structural organization, having a heterogeneous workforce which includes people from different cultural backgrounds, other than just one dominant group from a particular ethnic background. The multicultural organization however displays the highest levels of workplace diversity, because it not only contains an evenly balanced workforce in terms of cultural diversity, but it also has an awareness of and utilization of its culturally diverse workforce for the benefits of the organization. Having sufficiently defined workplace diversity, it becomes paramount to outline its advantages to an organization and therefore point out why organizations should strive to achieve a cultural diverse workforce. An international incident that posed potentially dangerous consequences across the world was witnessed some years back between the United Sates and China; with its primary cause being poor intercultural communication between the two countries. The incident was initiated on the 1st of April, 2001 by the collision of a surveillance plane belonging to the U.S navy with a fighter jet belonging to the Chinese. The collision occurred over the South China Sea, which is considered an international air space. The EP-3 surveillance and electronic warfare U.S. plane was extensively damaged, but due to the skillfulness of there, they managed to safely land the plane at an airbase in China. The Chinese military later declared their fighter jet and its pilot missing, and proceeded to detain the crew members of the U.S. plane; who were 24 in number. The two countries were later unable to reach a consensus on the cause of the collision and resolved to blame each other. In the days that followed, U.S and Chinese officials held a series of contentious negotiations to resolve the incident, with the U.S. officials trying to negotiate the release of the crew, and the Chinese officials demanding an acceptance of liability and a formal apology for the incident from the U.S. The U.S. flatly refused to yield to this demand and blamed the incident on the Chinese pilot. Pressure was meanwhile mounting on the then U.S. President, George Bush to secure the immediate release of the detained U.S crew. In the face of mounting pressure, the then Secretary of State, Colin Powell, issued a statement on April 4 expressing regret over the incident and the subsequent disappearance of the Chinese fighter jet and its pilot. The Chinese officials acknowledged the good faith in which the statement was issued, but simply summed it up as a move in the right direction and issued fresh demands for an apology. On April 8, Colin Powell and the then U.S vice president, Dick Cheney, issued a statement expressing sorrow at the disappearance of the Chinese pilot, but dismissed Chinas demands for an apology. On the same day, they wrote a sympathy letter to the wife of the pilot. Once again, the Chinese rejected these efforts and reiterated their demands for an apology. On April 10, the U.S. officials appeared to have been pushed to the corner and issued a statement declaring that President Bush was willing to write a letter of regret over the incident to the Chinese and an issue an adjoining statement admitting the unpermitted landing of the U.S. plane in Chinese territory. Nevertheless, the Chinese did not burge and still demanded an apology. Eventually, on April 11, the United States wrote a letter to the Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs specifically asking him to convey to the Chinese people and to the family of pilot Wang Wei that we are very sorry for their loss. The later further stated that We are very sorry the entering of Chinas airspace and the landing did not have verbal clearance. However, the actual word apology was not anywhere to be seen in the letter. But the Chinese official who were charged with communicating the contents of the letter to the Chinese people chose to translate the words very sorry, which appeared twice in the letter, to shenbiao qianyi , A Chinese statement that implies a deep apologetic expression and is only used when one is accepting liability for wrong doing and its consequences. Based solely on the translation of this letter, the Chinese released the U.S. crew. One thing that clearly emerged from this incident is that it was a matter of what the U.S. chose to say and what the Chinese chose to hear that ended this impasse. This matter was resolved by the exploitation of the loss of meaning inherent in translation from one language to another by the United States officials who were involved in the negotiations. Bates Gill, the North East Asian Policy Studies director at Brookings Institution states that U.S.negotiators have in the past exploited the use of such words as acknowledge which upon translation stand for to recognize or admit, so that the Chinese can take such words to mean an admission of guilt, when this is not really the case. (Griffin, 2000). There are several cultural differences between the Chinese an Americans, which has necessitate the need to develop a meaningful intercultural communication network so as to foster understanding between these two countries with the ultimate aim of creating a better relationship between the two countries. The benefits of an effective intercultural communication network include, but are not limited to creation of healthier communities, reduced friction and conflict, improved international, regional and local commerce and increased tolerance which results into personal growth. (Griffin, 2000). The cultural differences between the two countries that necessitates the employment of effective intercultural communication networks. Some differences particularly in the societal and institutional organization of American and Chinese societies that significantly played a role in the development of the highlighted incident to the stated proportions include; ethnic culture, whereby the Chinese are generally a reclusive people, preferring to mind their own business and center their cultural values in building of healthy relationships with each other at individual level. They keep to themselves and isolate strangers, while Americans are individualistic and do not believe in strong cultural ties and generally operate under an attitude of saving the world and thus meddle in all affairs unfolding around them. In terms of source of trust, the Chinese believe in trusting the people who surround them and dread losing credibility as a result of failure to live up to oral agreements. The Ameri cans on the other hand, belie in trusting the terms of the contractual agreement and not the people they deal with. Their only fear is getting into legal hassles as a result of contravening the contract, and show little respect for oral agreements. (Griffin, 2000). In terms of business culture, the Chinese are genially clumsy in their communication and operate with quietness and reservation when doing business. The Americans are the exact opposite; being effective and eloquent communicators who are in most senses very outspoken. In regard to the style of negotiation, the Chinese make group decisions, but the final decision lies with the boss. Americans believe in the giving of more individual authority to the stake holders, with the decision making process evenly distributed among the major players. When it comes to dealing with business counterparts, the Chinese are courteous and deal with their clients at a personal level, such that if there is a breach of contract then arising issues are taken up strongly, with the bad experiences being committed to long term memory. Americans, on the other hand, keep it strictly business, and adopt a matter-of-factly approach. They are also always willing to negotiate with the enemy so long as there is something to gain. (Griffin,2000).Finally, the Chinese exhibit a serious weakness in the ability to make quick decisions in the heat of the moment, while their American counterparts have a strong sense of resolving serious issues as they present themselves. (Griffin, 2000). Being that the negotiations for the release of the detained U.S. crew was taking place between officials representing two countries, it was very necessary that careful and appropriate diplomatic approaches be employed, lest the situation get out of hand. Therefore the choice to use letters to communicate official positions presented an appropriate communications device. Letters, as communication devices, are effective in that in they leave no room for ambiguity and contention. They are also formal and can be easily stored and retrieved fro reference in case a clarification is required. An appropriate communication theory that was at play in these negotiations was the stand point theory which outlines that knowledge, communication behaviors and individual experiences are largely under the influence of the social groups to which they belong. (Gudykunst, 2003).This is because by carefully exploiting the loss in meaning due to translation of words from one social setting to another, the United States officials who negotiated the release of the U.S. crew managed to establish a delicate balance between yielding into the demands of the Chinese, and maintaining the sovereignty of the United States through avoiding being arm-twisted into issuing a public apology to China. Had this issue not been resolved amicably, the situation could have rapidly degenerated to unimaginable proportions. This is an example of how effective intercultural communication can play important roles in achievement and maintenance of good diplomatic relations in the face of a potential crisis. References. Burman, R. Evans, A.J. (2008) Target Zero: A Culture of safety, Defence Aviation Safety Centre Journal, 34 (2), 22-27. Retrieved, 10 March, 2010, fromhttp://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/849892B2D6D24DFDB5BD9A4F288A9B18/0/DASCJournal2008.pdf Charles, W.L. Gareth, R.J.(2001). Strategic Management. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Cox, Jr., Taylor (2001). The Multicultural Organization. Academy of Management Executive, 5(2), 34-47. Cummings, Thomas G. Worley, Christopher G. (2005), Organization Development and Change. New York: Thomson South-Western. Deal T. E. and Kennedy, A. A. (1982) Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Massachusetts: Penguin Books. Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D.A. (2007). Organizational Behaviour: an Introductory Text. Michigan: Prentice Hall. Montana, P., and Charnov, B. (2008). Management. New York: Hauppauge. Schein, E.H. (2005). Organizational Culture and Leadership. New Jersey: Jossey-Bass. Fine, Marlene G.(2000). Cultural Diversity in the Workplace: The State of the Field. Journal of Business Communication, 33(4), 485-502. Griffin, E. (2000). A First Look at Communication Theory. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. Gudykunst, William B. (2003), Intercultural Communication Theories, in: Gudykunst, William B (ed.), Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication, 1(3), 167-189. Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D.A. (2007). Organizational Behaviour: an Introductory Text. Michigan: Prentice Hall. Montana, P., and Charnov, B. (2008). Management. New York: Hauppauge. Walck, C.L. (1995). Editors introduction: Diverse approaches to managing diversity. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 3(1), 119-123. The Movie: The Devils Advocate The Movie: The Devils Advocate I had a chance to watch the movie The Devils Advocate that was directed by Taylor Hackford and released in 1997. This movie is one of the best films that have some deep theology over the doctrine of God and the philosophical problem of evil. In fact, the problem of evil has been discussed over the long centuries, and the debate still rages on today. After watching the show I really got thinking whether I am on a right way in my life and reconsider my life priorities. Basically, the film is about the law company run by John Milton who represents the Satan. I believe that the author chooses the lawyers as the main characters intentionally because they have this power to judge the others and decide on the lives of the accused. The show reveals different kinds of issues that all humans from different parts of the world struggle. Also, the movie proves how sin leads to falling and destroys the human life. The most interesting thing is that in the show it is presented as the Satans plan. However, there are certain moments where it is obvious that the humans have a choice and go for sinful one. What is so dangerous about the humans? Why are we always destroying ourselves and the world around us? The answer cannot be simple explained by the original sin and human weakness. Actually, the reason is the loss of ethics and concerns for the others. People obsessed with vanity, greed, lust and the list can be continued. The reason is that they merely violate the Ten Commandments written in the Old Testament, or put it differently, Gods law. The illustration of vanity is an episode when John Milton asks whether it would not be better to take care of wife and give up one case. Kevin Lomax responds that You know what scares me? I quit the case, she gets better and I hate her for it. I dont want to resent her, John, Ive got a winner here. Ive got to nail this fucker down, do it fast, and put it behind me. Just get it done. Then put all my energy into her ( The Devils Advocate (1997) Memorable quotes, n.d.). It is worth to admit that this choice is the significant moment that led to the ruin of Kevins family and life. Therefore, this passage highlights basic, fundamental beliefs at play. This is a great example of how fast the humans get possessed with power and exchange biblical moral beliefs to follow fleeting sinful desires. It seems that with each step we take away from these beliefs, we each step become closer to true evil. The strongest point in the show is presented by Kevin Lomax who asks, Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven, is that it?( The Devils Advocate (1997) Memorable quotes, n.d.). Then, John Milton responds, Why not? Im here on the ground with my nose in it since the whole thing began. Ive nurtured every sensation mans been inspired to have. I cared about what he wanted and I never judged him. Why? Because I never rejected him. In spite of all his imperfections, Im a fan of man! Im a humanist. Maybe the last humanist. (The Devils Advocate (1997) Memorable quotes., n.d.). This approaches to the doctrine of God. I mean that God has integrity; he is truthful. God is concerned for the welfare of those whom He loves for their best interest. God has unconditional love and unselfish interest in us for our sake. As in the Bible John 3:16, For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. In contrast, Satan always hated the humans from the existence. The problem of evil challenges Christian faith, but we should not forget that the Lord promises us the blessing in our life, and all we need just obey and be faithful to God. Even though all people are sinners as we are born with it, God is generous to us because in his plan he gives us a chance for redemption and salvation. I remember from the class lectures that, according to Augustinian theodicy, there is no evil but the lack of good. God created us as good beings in His image. However, we have a free will, and we have to make the choices that will define our life, our surrounding, our ethics, our relationships, and our faith. When the humans put themselves over the Creator, we separate from God even if He loves us. I see that in the choice that God gives us we have to take responsibility for our actions. As a matter of fact, this responsibility is repentance. What worldview is assumed in the show? The show The Devils Advocate paints a clear picture of different worldviews with its consequences. Some have faith in the government or in a hope for world peace. Others have faith in their money, their education or their employment; however, it can all let them down. Our health can fail, we can lose our job, and we can end a meaningful relationship with someone we care about. In contrast, I am convinced that all of those things are temporal, and they can be changed. I am a believer, and I agree that only Christian worldview produces a way of living that is fruitful and creative. There is no doubt that the Christian faith makes sense in this world that has lost its moral. I believe that the truth is absolute, and it can only be understood by submitting to the Lordship of Jesus Christ. We all live by faith. To sum up, I have to say that I really enjoyed the movie because it made me to think what is really destroying our world, and what our part in creating better future is. We should start from the choices we make every day. Gods will do not have power unless we allow evil to seep in our hearts.